Common names

Western white pine

Field ID

Needles in a fascicle of 5, between 8 and 10cm long. Needles wedge shaped in cross-section and surfaces of the straight edges with 3-4 lines of bright white stomata. Stomata on the surface of the curved edge are slightly more feint but still readily visible. Shoot has a dense covering of very short fine reddish or copper-coloured hairs - most easily seen with a x10 hand lens on well extended new shoots but wearing away within a year so check several shoots. Cones cyclindrical-tapered (banana shaped), around 15cm long. Basal scales frequently reflexed and the tips of most scales with a blob of sticky white resin. The other 5 needles pines likely to be encountered in the British Isles can look very similar to each other and some care needs to be taken to accurately identify them. Important features to check are the shoots (glabrous or hairy?), and the cones which are distinct for each. In this case the rusty-red hairs on the younger shoots are distinctive.

General information

Western white pine was introduced to the British Isles in 1831 and is native from British Columbia in Canada south to California and east to Montana. It's not common and is most likely to be encountered in tree collections and as a specimen tree in parks and large gardens. 1705 by Captain George Weymouth for whom it is named. It is native from Newfoundland to Manitoba in Canada and south as far as Georgia in the USA. There are reasonable numbers in the British Isles, with many specimen trees in parks and large gardens. However, many trees both in the British Isles and in the native range have succumbed to the fungal disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). The disease uses shrubs in the currant/gooseberry genus (Ribes) as an interim host and this led to vast numbers of these being removed from areas where the tree was grown for timber in it's native range.